Organic Chemistry in the Design of New Materials and Devices
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and reactions of...
Glossary Terms in Undergraduate Organic Chemistry & Where They First Appear in This Database.
Abbreviation, Term, Symbol | Class | Database Headings |
Δ | LAB | (heat) |
(+) (see dextrorotatory) | I | Stereochemistry |
(-) (see levorotatory) | I | Stereochemistry |
1,2-addition | I | Electrophilic Addition |
[1,2]-hydride shift | I | Carbocations |
[1,2]-alkyl shift | I | Carbocations |
1º, 2º, 3º, 4º | I | Classifying Carbon |
[1,3] migration | II | Pericyclic reactions |
1,4-addition | II | Conjugation, Enones and Enoates |
[1,5] migration | II | Sigmatropic Rearrangements |
[1,7] migration | II | Sigmatropic Rearrangements |
[2+2] cycloaddition | II | Pericyclic Reactions |
[3+2] cycloaddition | II | Pericyclic Reactions |
[4+2] cycloaddition | I | Pericyclic Reactions |
9-BBN | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Absolute (pure, neat) | LAB | |
Absolute Configuration | I | Stereochemistry |
Absorbance Spectrum | I | IR, UV-Vis Spectroscopy |
Acetal | II | Aldehydes and ketones |
Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis | II | Name Reactions |
Acetylene | I | Alkynes |
Acetylide Anion | I | Alkynes |
Achiral | I | Stereochemistry |
Acid Anhydride | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Acid-Catalyzed | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Acid Chloride (also Acid Halide) | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Acid Ionization Constant | I | Acids and Bases |
Activated Charcoal (Norit) | LAB | |
Activation Energy | GEN | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Activating Group | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Actual Yield | LAB | |
Acyl Group (see acetyl) | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Acylation Reactions | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Acylium ion | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Adenine | II | Nucleic Acids |
Adenosine | II | Nucleic Acids |
Addition | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Adsorption | LAB | |
Alanine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Alcohol | I | Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides |
Alcoholysis | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Aldehyde | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Aldohexose | II | Sugars |
Aldol Reaction | II | Ketones and Aldehydes II |
Aldol Condensation | II | Ketones and Aldehydes II |
Aldose | II | Sugars |
Alkali Metal | GEN | |
Alkaline | GEN | |
Alkaline Earth Metal | GEN | |
Alkaloid | II | Amines |
Alkane | I | Alkanes |
Alkene | I | Alkenes |
Alkyne | I | Alkynes |
Alkoxide | I | Substitution |
Alkyl Group | I | Nomenclature |
Alkyl Halide | I | Nomenclature |
Allene | I | Alkenes, Stereochemistry |
Allyl Groups | I | Resonance |
Allylic carbocations | I | Resonance |
Allylic Position | I | Resonance |
Amino Acid | II | Peptides and Proteins |
a-Anomer | II | Sugars (Carbohydrates) |
a-Carbon | II | Functional groups |
Alpha-helix | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Anisotropy | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Amalgam | II | Redox Reactions |
Ambident | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Amide | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Amine | I | Amines I & II |
Amine Oxide | I | Elimination |
amu | GEN | |
Angle Strain | I | Conformational Analysis |
Anhydrides | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Anhydrous | LAB | |
Anion | GEN | |
Annealing | II | Nucleic Acids |
Anomer | II | Sugars (Carbohydrates) |
Anomeric Carbon | II | Sugars (Carbohydrates) |
Anomeric Effect | II | Electron Delocalization |
Anti | I | Stereochemistry |
Anti Addition | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Anti-Markovnikov Addition | I | Regiochemistry |
Anti-periplanar | I | Newman Projections |
Anti-aromaticity | II | Aromaticity |
Antibiotic | II | Drugs and Enzymes |
Anti-bonding Molecular Orbital | I | Molecular Orbital Theory |
Aprotic Solvent | I | Solvents |
Aqueous | I | Solvents |
Arenium Ion | I | Aromatic Substitution |
Arginine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Arrhenius Rate Equation | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Aryl or Ar- | I | Nomenclature |
Aryl halide | II | Functional Groups |
Asparigine (K or Asp) | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Aspartic Acid | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Asymmetric | I | Stereochemistry |
Asymmetric Stretching | I | IR Spectroscopy |
Atomic Mass | GEN | |
Atomic Number | GEN | |
Atomic Orbital | GEN | |
Atomic Radius | GEN | |
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | II | Nucleic Acids |
Avagadro’s Number | GEN | |
Axial | I | Conformational Analysis |
Azeotrope | LAB | |
Azide | I | Substitution |
Aziridine | I | Amines I |
Azimuthal Quantum Number | I | Electron Configuration |
Azo Coupling | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Back-sided Attack | I | Electrophilic Addition, Substitution |
Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation | II | Redox Reactions |
Banana Bonds | I | Cycloalkanes |
Base | I | Acids and Bases |
Base-catalyzed | I | Catalysis |
Base Pair | II | Nucleic Acids |
Bond Dissociation Energy (BDE) | I | Radicals |
Bending Mode (IR) | I | IR Spectroscopy |
Benzylic Carbocation | I | Carbocations |
Benzyl group | I | Nomenclature |
Benzylic Position | I | Resonance |
Benzyne | II | Reactions of Benzene |
ß-anomer | II | Sugars (Carbohydrates) |
ß-carbon | I | Elimination, Conjugate addition |
ß-Elimination | I | Elimination |
Betaine | II | Aldehydes and Ketones |
ß-Sheet | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Bicyclic | II | Nomenclature |
Bimolecular | GEN, I | Elimination, Substitution |
Biosynthesis | II | Advanced Synthetic Strategy |
Boat Conformation | I | Conformational Analysis |
Boiling Point | I | Alkanes |
Bond Angle | I | Bonding & Hybridization |
Bond Dipole | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Bond length | I | Representing Organic Compounds |
Bond Order | GEN | |
Bond Rotation | I | Conformational Analysis |
Bond Stretch | I | IR Spectroscopy |
Bond-Line Structure | I | Drawing Organic Structures |
Bonding Molecular Orbital | I | Molecular Orbital theory |
Borane | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Branching | I | Nomenclature |
Bridged | I | Polycyclic Compounds |
Bromination | I | Electrophilic Addition & Substitution |
Bronsted Acid-Base Theory | I | Acids and Bases |
Butyl group | I | Nomenclature |
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (C-I-P) Rules | I | Nomenclature |
Carbanion | II | Carbanions; Reactive intermediates |
Carbocation | I | Carbocations |
Carbohydrate | II | Sugars (Carbohydrates) |
Carbon NMR | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Carbonyl | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Carboxylate | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Carboxylic Acid | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Carboxylic Acid Derivative | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Canonical Form | I | Resonance |
Catalyst | I | Reaction Coordinate Diagrams |
Catalytic Hydrogenation | I | Redox Reactions |
Chain Initiation | I | Radicals |
Chain Propagation | I | Radicals |
Chain Termination | I | Radicals |
Chair Conformation | I | Conformational Analysis |
Chair Flip | I | Conformational Analysis |
Chemical Shift | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Chirality | I | Stereochemistry |
Chiral Center | I | Stereochemistry |
Chlorination | I,II | Electrophilic Addition |
Cholesterol | II | Fats & Lipids |
Chromatography | LAB | Lab |
Cis | I | Stereochemistry |
Claisen Condensation | II | Condensation Reactions |
Claisen Rearrangement | II | Pericyclic Reactions |
Clemmensen Reduction | II | Redox Reactions |
Combustion | I | Alkanes |
Concerted Reaction | I | Substitution |
Condensation Reactions | II | Condensation Reactions |
Condensed Formula | I | Representing Organic Compounds |
Configuration | I | Stereochemistry |
Configurational Isomer | I | Stereochemistry |
Conformation | I | Isomerism |
Conformational Isomer | I | Isomerism |
Conformer | I | Isomerism |
Conjugate Acid | I | Acids and Bases |
Conjugate Base | I | Acids and Bases |
Conjugation | I | Resonance |
Constitutional isomer | I | Isomerism |
Coordination Compounds | I | Organotransition Metal Chemistry |
Coupling | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Coupling Constant (J) | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Covalent Bond | I | Atoms and Molecules |
Crown Ethers | I | Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides |
Cuprate | I,II | Organometallic Compounds |
Curved Arrow | I | Arrow pushing and Mechanism |
Cycloaddition Reaction | I | Pericyclic Reactions |
Cycloalkane | I | Alkanes, Nomenclature |
Cyclobutadiene | II | Aromaticity |
Cyclooctatetraene | II | Aromaticity |
Cyclopentadienyl anion | II | Aromaticity |
Cyclopentadienyl cation | II | Aromaticity |
Cyclopropane | I | Cycloalkanes |
Cyclopropenyl cation | II | Aromaticity |
Cysteine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Cystine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Cytosine | II | Nucleic Acids |
d (same as (+)) | I | Stereochemistry |
D | I | Stereochemistry |
Dalton | GEN | (an atomic mass unit) |
Deactivating Group | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Deactivator | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Decarboxylation | II | Condensation Reactions |
Decomposition | LAB | |
Degenerate | I | Resonance Structures |
Delocalization | I | Resonance Structures |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid | II | Nucleic Acids |
Deprotection / Deblocking | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Deprotonate | I | Acids & Bases |
DEPT | II | NMR spectroscopy |
Deshielded | I | NMR spectroscopy |
Desolvation | I | NMR spectroscopy |
Destructive Interference | I | NMR spectroscopy |
Detergent | II | Fats and Lipids |
Detonation | LAB | |
Deuterium | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Dewar Benzene | I | Benzene & Aromatics |
Dextrorotatory (D or d or +) | I | Stereochemistry |
Dextrose | I | Sugars |
Diastereomer | I | Stereochemistry |
Diatomic | GEN | |
Diaxial Interaction | I | Conformational Analysis |
Diazonium Cation | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Diazonium Salt | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Diazotization | II | Reactions of Benzene |
DIBAL | II | Redox Reactions |
Dichloromethane (methylene chloride) | LAB | Solvents (Chart) |
Dichromate | I | Redox Reactions |
Dieckmann Condensation | II | Condensation Reactions |
Dielectric Constant | I | Solvents |
Diels-Alder Reaction [4+2] cycloaddition | I | Dienes |
Diene | I | Dienes |
Dieneophile | I | Dienes |
Diethyl ether | I | Solvents |
Diffraction | I | Refractive Index |
Diffraction Pattern | I | Refractive Index |
Dihedral angle | I | Conformational Analysis |
Dimer | I | Refractive Index |
Dimethylformamide (DMF) | I | Solvents |
Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) | I | Solvents |
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) | I | Solvents |
Diol | I | Redox Reactions |
Dipeptide | I | Peptides and Proteins |
Dipole | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Dipole Moment | GEN | |
Disproportionation | II | Redox Reactions |
Diprotic Acid | GEN | |
Diradical | II | Alkenes, aromatization |
Directing Group | I | Reactions of Benzene |
Disaccharide | II | Sugars |
Dispersion Force (London Force) | I | Intermolecular Forces |
Distillation | LAB | |
Disubstituted | I | Nomenclature |
Disulfide | I | Peptides and Proteins |
Disulfide Bridge | I | Peptides and Proteins |
Divalent Anions and Cations | I | Formal Charge |
Double Bond | I | Alkenes |
Double Bond Equivalent (DBE) | I | Index of Unsaturation IU |
Double-headed Arrow | I | Arrow Pushing and Mechanism |
Double Helix | II | Nucleic Acids |
Doublet | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Downfield | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Drug | II | Drugs, Enzymes, and Activation |
e | I | Solvents |
E (Ger. entgegen) | I | Stereochemistry |
E1 Mechanism | I | Elimination |
E1 Reaction | I | Elimination |
E1CB Mechanism | I | Elimination |
E2 Mechanism | I | Elimination |
E2 Reaction | I | Elimination |
Ea | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Early Transition State | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Eclipsed | I | Conformational Analysis |
%ee (enantiomeric excess) | I | Stereochemistry |
Election Configuration | I | Electron Configuration |
Electron Delocalization | I | Resonance; Conjugation |
Electron Donating Group | I | Dienes |
Electron Pair Repulsion | I | Structure and Bonding |
Electron-Sea (Sea of Electrons) Model | I | Special Topic |
Electron Withdrawing Group (EWG) | I | Dienes |
Electronegative | GEN | |
Electronegativity | GEN | |
Electroneutral | GEN | |
Electrophile | I | Reactions |
Electrophilic Addition Reaction | I | Alkenes |
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Electropositive | GEN | |
Elimination Reaction | I | Eliminations |
Emulsion | II, LAB | Fats and Lipids |
Enamine | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Enantiomeric Excess | I | Stereochemistry |
Enantiomer | I | Stereochemistry |
Endergonic | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Endothermic | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Energy Profile or Reaction Coordinate | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Enol | I | Isomers, Tautomerization |
Enolate | II | Reactions at the alpha-Carbon |
Enolization | II | Reactions at the alpha-Carbon |
Enone | II | Enones and Enoates |
Enthalpy of Combustion | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Enthalpy of Formation | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Enthalpy of Hydrogenation | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Enzyme | II | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Epoxide | I | Alcohols, ethers epoxides |
Equation of State | GEN | |
Equilibrium | GEN | |
Equilibrium Constant | GEN | |
Equatorial | I | Conformational analysis |
Equivalent | I | Lab |
Ester | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Et- (Ethyl) | I | Nomenclature |
Ether | I | Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides |
Ethyl acetate | I | Solvents |
Ethyl ether | I | Solvents |
Ethyne (acetylene) | I | Alkynes |
Evaporation | GEN | Lab; aka Vaporization |
Excess Reagent (“xs“) | I | Alkynes, Lab |
Excited State | I | Molecular Orbital Theory |
Exergonic | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Exothermic | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Expanded Octet | I | Trends in the Periodic Table |
Extinction Coefficient | I | Spectroscopy |
Fatty Acid | II | Fats and Lipids |
Fingerprint Region | I | IR Spectroscopy |
First Order Coupling | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
First Order Splitting | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Fischer Esterification | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Fischer Projection | I,II | Sugars, Stereochemistry |
Five Zone Analysis | II | Drug Formulation Medicinal Chem. |
Fluorination | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Formal Charge | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Fractional Distillation | LAB | |
Fragment Ion (formerly “Daughter” ion) | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Fragmentation | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Free Radical | I | Radical Reactions |
Friedel-Crafts Acylation | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Front-side Attack | II | |
Fullerenes | II | Allotropes of Carbon |
Functional Group | I | Functional Groups |
Fused | II | Polycyclic Ring Systems |
Gas Chromatography | LAB | Analytical Chemistry |
Gauche | I | Conformational Analysis |
GC | LAB | Analytical Chemistry |
GC-MS | LAB | Analytical Chemistry |
Geminal or (1,1) | I | Nomenclature |
Geometric Isomer (obsolete) | I | Isomerism |
Gibbs Free Energy | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Gilman Reagent | I | Organometallics |
Glucose | II | Sugars |
Glutamic Acid | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Glutamine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Glycerol | II | Fats and Lipids |
Glycine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Glycosidic Bond | II | Sugars (Carbohydrates) |
Grignard Reaction | II | Epoxides, Carbonyl Compounds |
Grignard Reagent | I | Organometallic |
Grob Fragmentation | II | Named Reactions |
Ground State | I | Reaction Coordinate Diagrams |
Guanine | II | Nucleic Acids |
1,2-hydride shift | I | Carbocations; Electorphilic Addition |
1H-NMR | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
hv | GEN | Energy of a photon (Plank’s constant · wavelength) |
H-Bond | I | Intermolecular interactions |
Halide | I | Functional Groups |
Haloalkane | I | Functional Groups |
Haloarene | I | Functional Groups |
Halogen | I | Trends in the Periodic Table |
Halogenation | I,II | Addition, Substitution |
Hammond Postulate | I | Transition State Theory |
Hard/Soft Acid/Base Theory (HSAB) | I | Polar Reactions |
Haworth Projection (pronounced “hay”+”worth”) | II | Sugars |
Heat of Combustion | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Heat of Formation | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Heat of Hydrogenation | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Hemiacetal (hemiketal has obsolesced from IUPAC) | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Henderson-HasselBalch Equation | GEN | Acids and Bases |
Henry’s Law | GEN | Partial Pressures |
Hess’s Law | GEN | Heat summation |
HETCOR | LAB | Advanced Spectroscopy |
Heteroatom | I | Functional Groups |
Heterocycle | I | Functional Groups |
Heterogeneous | I | Catalysis |
Heterolysis | I | Transition State Theory |
Heterolytic Bond Cleavage | I | Transition State Theory |
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) | I | Molecular Orbitals |
Histidine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
HMQC | II | NMR (Advanced) |
HOAc (or AcOH) acetic acid | I | Nomenclature, Solvents |
Hofmann Degradation | II | Named Reactions, Amines |
Hofmann Elimination | II | Named Reactions, Amines |
Hofmann’s Rule | I | Elimination |
HOMO-LUMO Gap | I | Molecular Orbital Theory |
Homogeneous | I | Catalysis |
Homolysis | I | Transition State |
Homolytic Bond Cleavage | I | Transition State |
Hooke’s Law | GEN | |
Huckel’s Rule | II | Aromaticity |
Hybrid Orbital | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Hydration | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Hydride | I | Redox Reactions |
Hydroboration | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Hydroboration-Oxidation Reaction | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Hydrolysis | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Hydronium Ion | I | Acids and Bases |
Hydrophilic | GEN | Solvents |
Hydrophobic | GEN | Solvents |
Hydrophobic Effect | GEN | Solvents |
Hygroscopic | LAB | |
Hyperconjugation | I | Electron Delocalization |
I or spin quantum number (±½) | I | Electron Configuration |
Imidazole | II | Aromatics |
Imine | II | Aldehydes and Ketones |
Immiscible | I | Solvents |
In silico | GEN | (In glass) |
In situ | I | (In the reaction system) |
In vitro | I | (In glass) |
In vivo | I | (In a living organism) |
Indole | II | Aromatics, Alkaloids |
Inductive Effect | I | Electron Delocalization |
Infrared Spectroscopy | I | IR Spectroscopy |
Infrared Spectrum | I | IR Spectroscopy |
Inhibitor | II | Radical Reactions |
Initiation | I | Radical Reactions |
Initiator | I | Radical Reactions |
Integration | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Intermediate | I | Reactive Intermediates |
Intermolecular | I | Reaction Dynamics |
Internal alkene | I | Alkenes |
Internal alkyne | I | Alkynes |
Intramolecular | I | Reaction Dynamics |
Inversion of Configuration | I | Stereochemistry |
Iodination | I | Electrophilic Addition & Substitution |
Iodoform Reaction | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Ion | GEN | |
Ionic Bond | GEN | Bonding and Hybridization |
Ionization | I | |
i-Pr | I | Nomenclature |
Ipso and Ipso Substitution | I | Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution |
IR | I | IR Spectroscopy |
Isoelectronic | I | Organometallics |
Isoleucine | I | Peptides and Proteins |
Isomer | I | Isomerism |
Isomerization | I | Isomerism |
Isotope | I | Mass Spectrometry |
IUPAC | I | Nomenclature |
Jahn-Teller Effect | I | Advanced Physical |
Joule | GEN | |
Jones Reagent | II | Redox Reactions |
Ka | I | Acids and Bases |
kcal / kilocalorie or Calorie | I | Equilibrium |
kJ / kilojoule | I | Equilibrium |
Kekule Structure | I | Representing Organic Compounds |
Keq | I | Equilibrium |
Keto form | I | Tautomerism/Tautomerization |
Ketone | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Ketose | II | Sugars |
Ketoxime | II | Sugars |
Kinetic Control | I | Kinetics vs Thermodynamics |
l (the opposite of d) | I | Stereochemistry |
L- (the opposite of D-) | I | Stereochemistry |
Lactam | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Lactone | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Late Transition state | I | The Transition State |
LDA (lithium diisopropylamide) | II | Ketones and aldehydes |
Le Chatelier’s Principle | GEN | |
Leaving Group | I | Substitution; Elimination |
Leucine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Levorotatory | I | Stereochemistry |
Lewis Acid-Base | I | Acids and Bases |
Lewis Dot Structure | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Lewis Structure | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Ligand | I | Organometallics |
Limiting Reagent | LAB | |
Lipid | II | Fats and Lipids |
Lipophilic | II | Fats and Lipids |
Lipophobic | II | Fats and Lipids |
London disperson Force | I | Intermolecular Forces |
Lone Pair | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Long-Range Coupling | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) | I | Molecular Orbitals |
Lysine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
mu (µ) | I | Dipole Moment |
M | I | Mass Spectrometry |
M+1 | I | Mass Spectrometry |
M+2 | I | Mass Spectrometry |
m/z | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Main Group Elements | I | Trends in the Periodic Table |
Major groove | II | Nucleic Acids |
Markovnikov Addition | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Markovnikov’s Rule | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Mass Spectrum | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Mass Spectrometry | I | Mass Spectrometry |
McLafferty Rearrangement | I | Mass Spectrometry |
mCPBA | I | Redox Reactions |
Me- | I | Nomenclature |
Mechanism | I | Arrow Pushing and Mechanism |
Medicinal Chemistry | II | Medicinal Chemistry |
Melting Point | LAB | |
Mercaptan | I | Sulfur Compounds |
Meso Compound | I | Stereochemistry |
Mesomerism (see resonance) | I | Stereochemistry |
Mesylate | I | Substitution |
Meta | I | Reactions of Benzene |
Meta Director | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Metals and Metalloids | I | Transition Metals |
Metabolism | II | Biochemistry |
Methanesulfonate | I | Substitution |
Methanesulfonic Acid | I | Substitution |
Methine Group | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Methionine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Methylene group | I | NRM Spectroscopy |
Microscopic Reversibility | I | Rxn Coord Diagrams |
Mineral Acid | I | Acids and Bases |
Minor Groove | II | Nucleic Acids |
Miscible | I | Solvents |
Moiety | I | Functional Groups |
Mol | Gen | |
Molar Mass | Gen | |
Mole | Gen | |
Molecular Formula | Gen | Alkanes |
Molecular Ion | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Molecular Model Kit | I | Blog |
Molecular Sieve | LAB | |
Molecular Weight (MW) | GEN | |
Molozonide | I | Redox reactions |
Molecular Orbital (MO) | I | Molecular Orbitals |
Monosubstituted | I | Alkenes |
Multiplet | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Mutarotation | II | Sugars |
N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) | I | Electrophilic Addition, Radicals |
N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) | I | Electrophilic Addition |
N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) | I | Radicals |
n | I | Nomenclature |
n-BuLi | I | Alkanes |
n+1 Rule | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
4n Rule | II | Aromaticity |
4n+2 Rule | II | Aromaticity |
NaBH4 | I | Redox Reactions |
NaH | I | Substitution; Alcohols |
Named Reaction | I | Named Reactions |
Natural Product (Organic I, Intro to Synthesis) | II | Other Organic Divisions |
Newman Projection | I | Conformational Analysis |
Nitration | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Nitrile | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Nitro Compounds | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Nitrogen (Walden) Inversion | I | Stereochemistry |
Nitrogen Rule | I | Mass Spectrometry |
NMR | I | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
Node | I | Atoms and Orbitals |
Nomenclature | I | Nomenclature |
Non-first Order Coupling | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Non-first Order Splitting | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Nonaromatic | II | Aromaticity |
Non-bonded Electron Pair | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Non-decoupled | II | C NMR Spectroscopy |
Nonpolar Solvent | II | Solvents |
Non-spontaneous Reaction | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Nonsuperimposable | I | Chirality |
Nu: | I | Reaction Mechanism |
Nuclear Spin Flip | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Nucleic Acids | II | Nucleic Acids |
Nucleophile | I | Reaction Mechanisms |
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution | II | Reactions of Benzene II |
Nucleophilicity | I | Reaction Mechanism |
Nucleoside | II | Nucleic Acids |
Nucleotide | II | Nucleic Acids |
Octet Rule | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Olefin | I | Alkenes |
One Equivalent | LAB | |
One Molecule Rule | I | |
Optical Activity | I | Chirality |
Optically Inactive | I | Chirality |
Organometallic Compound | I | Organotransition metal compounds |
Organolithium Reagent | I | The strongest bases |
Ortho | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Ortho-Para Director | II | Reactions of Benzene |
OMs | I | Substitution |
OTf | I | Substitution |
OTs | I | Substitution |
Oxaphosphetaine | II | Ketones & Aldehydes) |
Oxidant | I,II | Redox Reactions |
Oxidation | I,II | Electrophilic Addition |
Oxime | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Oxonium Ion | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Oxyanion | I | Substitution |
Ozone | I | Redox Reactions |
Ozonolysis (Harries Reaction) | I | Redox Reactions |
Pi (p) bond | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
pi (p) orbital | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
pi* (p*) orbital | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
p orbital | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Para | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Paraffin | I | Alkanes |
Pentet | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Peptide | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Peptide Bond | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Peracetic Acid | I | Redox Reactions |
Peracid | I | Redox Reactions |
Percent Yield | LAB | |
Permanganate | I | Redox Reactions |
Peroxide | I | Radical Reactions |
pH | I | Acids and Bases |
pKa | I | Acids and Bases |
Pharmacology | II | Drugs and Enzymes |
Phenol (Organic II, Reactions of Benzene) | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Phenyl Group (Ph-) | I | Nomenclature |
Phenylalanine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Phospholipid | II | Fats and Lipids |
Phosphodiester | II | Nucleic Acids |
Photochemistry | II | Pericyclic Reactions |
Photolysis | II | Radical Reactions |
Photon | Gen | |
pi-cation interaction | II | Secondary Spatial Effects |
pi stacking | II | Secondary Spatial Effects |
piperidine | II | Heterocycles |
pKa | I | Acids and Bases |
pKb | I | Acids and Bases |
Plane Polarized Light | I | Chirality |
Polar Covalent Bond | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Polar Solvent | I | Solvents |
Polarimetry | I | Chirality |
Polarizability | GEN | |
Polypeptide | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Polysaccharide | II | Sugars |
Potential Energy | I | Kinetics and Thermodynamics |
ppm | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Pr- (propyl substituent) | I | Nomenclature |
Precipitation | LAB | |
Primary | I | Classifying Carbons |
Prodrug | II | Drugs and Enzymes |
Product | I | Mechanism |
Proline | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Propagation | I | Radical Reactions |
Progargyl Position | I | Resonance |
Protection | I | Ketones and aldehydes |
Protecting Groups | II | Protecting Groups |
Protein | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Protic Solvent | I | Solvents |
Proton | I | Atoms and Molecules |
Proton NMR | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Protonate | I | Catalysis |
p-Toluenesulfonate | I | Substitution/Elimination |
p-TsCl | I | Substitution/Elimination |
p-TsOH | I | Substitution/Elimination |
Purine | II | Nucleic Acids |
Pyran | II | Alcohols, Ethers & Epoxides |
Pyridine | II | Aromatics |
Pyrimidine | II | Nucleic Acids |
Pyrrole | II | Aromatics |
Pyrrolidine | II | Aromatics |
Quantum Mechanics | I | Electron Configuration |
Quantum Numbers | I | Electron Configuration |
Quartet | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Quaternary Carbon | I | Classifying Carbon |
Quaternary Structure | I | Peptides & Proteins |
Quintet | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
R = Universal Descriptor | I | Nomenclature |
R Group | I | Nomenclature |
Racemic | I | Stereochemistry |
Racemic Mixture (or racemate) | I | Stereochemistry |
Radical or Free Radical | I | Radicals |
Radical Cation | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Rate-Determining Step Or Rate-Limiting Step | I | Rxn Coord Diagrams |
Reactant | I | Mechanism |
Reaction Coordinate | I | Rxn Coord Diagrams |
Reaction Mechanism | I | Mechanism |
Reaction Product | I | Organic Reactions |
Reactive Intermediates | I | Carbocations |
Reactivity-Selectivity Principle | I | Kinetics & Thermodynamics |
Rearrangement Reactions | I, II | Carbocations |
Reducing Agent or Reductant | I | Redox Reactions |
Reduction Reaction | I | Redox Reactions |
Regioselectivity | I | Regiochemistry |
Resolution | I | Separation Methods |
Resonance | I | Resonance I |
Resonance Contributor | I | Resonance I |
Resonance Form (Prioritizing) | I | Resonance I |
Retroaldol | II | Ketones & Aldehydes |
Retro Diels-Alder | I | Dienes |
Retrosynthesis | I | Intro to Synthesis |
Ribonucleic Acid | II | Nucleic Acids |
Ribose | II | Nucleic Acids |
Ring Flip | I | Conformational Analysis |
Ring Strain | I | Conformational Analysis |
RNA | II | Nucleic Acids |
sigma bond | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
s orbital | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
s* orbital | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
S | I | Stereochemistry |
s-cis | I | Dienes |
s-BuLi | II | Carbon Bases |
s-Trans | I | Dienes |
Sanger’s Reagent | II | Nucleic Acid (Sequencing) |
Saponification | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Saturated | I | Alkanes |
Sawhorse Projection | I | Representing Organic Compounds |
Saytseff’s Rule (Zaitzev) | I | Elimination |
Schiff Base | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
sec-butyl group | I | Nomenclature |
Secondary Structure | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Serine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Sextet | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Side Chain | I | Nomenclature |
Shielded | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Single bond | I | Bonding and Hybridization |
Singlet | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Skeletal Formula | I | Representing Organic Compounds |
SN1 Mechanism | I | Substitution |
SN2 Mechanism | I | Substitution |
Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) | I | Redox Reactions |
Sodium Hydride | I | Bases |
Solubility | I | Solvents |
Solute | I | Solvents |
Solvent | I | Solvents |
Solvent Cage | I | Solvents |
Solvolysis | I | SN1 and E1 |
sp orbital | I | Hybridization |
sp2 orbital | I | Hybridization |
sp3 orbital | I | Hybridization |
Space-Filling Model | I | Representing Organic Compounds |
Specific Rotation | I | Chirality |
Spectrometry | I | Structural Elucidation |
Spectroscopy | I | Structural Elucidation |
Spin Quantum Number | I | Electron Configuration |
Spin-Spin Coupling | I | Spectroscopy |
Spirocyclic | II | Polycyclic rings systems |
Splitting (of Peaks) | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Spontaneous Change | I | Thermodynamics |
Squiggly Line | I | Representing organic compounds |
Staggered | I | Newman Projections |
Starting Material | I | Reactions |
Stereocenter | I | Chirality |
Stereochemistry | I | Stereochemistry |
Stereoselective | I | Chirality |
Stereospecific | I | Stereochemistry |
Steric Effect | I | Stereoelectronics |
Steric Hindrance | I | Conformational Analysis |
Steric Number | I | Conformational Analysis |
Steric Strain | I | Conformational Analysis |
Steroid | II | Lipids and Fats |
Stoichiometry | GEN | |
Stretching Frequency | I | IR Spectroscopy |
Sublimation | GEN | (s) à (g) |
Substituent | I | Nomenclature |
Substitution Reaction | I | Classes of reaction |
Substrate | I | Mechanism |
Sucrose | II | Sugars |
Suicide Inhibitor | II | Drugs, Enzymes, & Kinetics |
Sulfide | I | Functional Groups |
Sulfonamide | II | Functional Groups |
Sulfonate | I | Functional Groups |
Sulfonate Anion | I | Functional Groups |
Sulfonate Ester | I | Functional Groups |
Sulfonation | II | Reactions of Benzene |
Sulfone | I | Functional Groups |
Sulfonic Acid | II | Functional Groups |
Sulfonyl Chloride (thienyl chloride) | II | Substitution |
Sulfoxide | I | Functional Groups |
Superimposable | I | Chirality |
Suspension | GEN | |
Symmetric Stretching | I | IR spectroscopy |
Syn | I | Modes of Addition |
syn addition | I | Modes of Addition |
Syn-periplanar | I | Dihedral geometry |
Synthesis | I | Chemical Synthesis |
t-BuLi | II | Strongest base you can buy |
Tautomer | I | Tautomerization |
Tautomerization | I | Tautomerization |
t-Bu | I | Ter-butyl |
t-BuOH | I | t-butyl alcohol |
Terminal alkene | I | Alkenes |
Terminal alkyne | I | Alkynes |
Termination | I | Radical Reactions |
Termolecular | I | Electrophilic Addition |
Tertiary | I | Classifying carbon |
Tetrahedral Carbon | I | Classifying carbon |
Tetrahedral Intermediate | I | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) | I | Solvents |
Tetramethylsilane (TMS) | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Tetrasubstituted | I | Alkene stability |
Theoretical Yield | GEN | Lab |
Thermodynamic Control | I | Kinetics vs. Thermodynamics |
Thioester | I | Functional Groups |
Thioether | I | Functional Groups |
Thiol | I | Functional Groups |
Thiolate | I | Functional Groups |
Thiophene | I | Heterocycles |
Threonine | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Thymine | II | Nucleic Acids |
Titration | I | Acids and Bases |
Toluene | I | Aromaticity |
Torsional Strain | I | Conformational Analysis |
Tosylate | I | Substitution |
trans | I | Stereochemistry |
Transesterification | II | Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
Transition Metals | II | Organometallics |
Transition State | I | Reaction Mechanism |
Tricyclic | I | Polycyclic compounds |
Triflate | I | Super Leaving groups |
Triflic Acid | I | Substitution |
Triglyceride | II | Fats and Lipids |
Triose | II | Sugars |
Triple Bond | I | Alkynes |
Triplet | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Triplet of doublets | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Trisubstituted | I | Alkenes |
Tritium 3H | I | Mass Spectrometry |
Tryptophan | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Two-Dimensional NMR | II | NMR spectroscopy |
Tyrosine | I | Peptides and Proteins |
Unimolecular | I | Kinetics |
Unsaturated | I | Fats and Lipids |
Upfield | I | NMR Spectroscopy |
Uracil | II | Nucleic Acids |
Valence | I | Trends in the Periodic Table |
Valence Bond Theory | I | Theory |
Valence Electron | I | Electron Configuration |
Valence Shell | I | Electron Configuration |
Valine | I | Peptides and Proteins |
Van der Waals Forces | I | Intermolecular Interactions |
Van’t Hoff Rule | I | Stereochemistry |
Vapor Pressure | LAB | |
Vaporization | GEN | |
Vicinal | I | Nomenclature |
Vinyl group | I | Nomenclature |
Vinylic Position | I | Nomenclature |
Vitamin | II | Enzymes and Co-factors |
VSEPR | GEN | |
Walden Inversion | I | Stereochemistry |
Watson-Crick Base Pair | II | Nucleic Acids |
Wavenumber (cm-1) | I | IR Spectroscopy |
Wavy Line | I | Representing Organic Compounds |
Wedge | I | Representing Organic Compounds |
Williamson Ether Synthesis | I | Named Reactions |
Wittig Reaction | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Wolff-Kischner Reduction | II | Redox Reactions |
% Percent Yield | LAB | |
Ylide (or ylid) | II | Ketones and Aldehydes |
Z (Ger. Zussamen) | I | Stereochemistry |
Zaitsev’s Rule | I | Elimination |
Zig-Zag Structure (see line-angle) | I | Drawing Organic Structures |
Zwitterion (‘w’ pronounced as ‘v’) | II | Peptides and Proteins |
Organic-ese Organic Chemistry
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